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IRI Climate Digest  November 2000

Climate Impacts 

Hazards/Threats

Venezuela Nearly a year after floods and mudslides devastated the Venezuelan coastal state of Vargas and parts of the capital, Caracas, disaster victims have braced for a possible repeat. Torrential rains and mudslides that left at least three people dead and more than 2,000 homeless have unleashed fears of another mournful Christmas season. President Hugo Chavez has urged people to evacuate and declared an emergency in Caracas, Vargas, and eight other states. (DRO, OCHA)

Sri Lanka  Heavy monsoon rains triggered flooding in eastern Sri Lanka. According to the Government, 400,000 people have been affected by the floods, while latest newspaper reports from Sri Lanka hold that about 100,000 families have been affected by the floods in the districts of Batticaloa (94,534 families) and Ampara (8,000 families). (OCHA)

Indonesia  Torrential rains pounded the Indonesian island of Sumatra with dire consequences. The rain triggered floods in Aceh and North Sumatra and has caused further flooding, accompanied by landslides, in West Sumatra and neighbouring Riau and Jambi. The latest media reports indicate that over 100 people have been killed or are missing and that the number of victims is likely to augment. The floods and landslides have also damaged paddy fields and physical infrastructure including roads, bridges, electricity and telephone lines. (OCHA)

Kenya  The FEWS Kenya Food Security Update states that Domestic maize supplies have increased markedly during October, due to the long-rains harvesting in the 'grain-basket' districts of the Rift Valley Province. However, the 2000 long-rains maize harvest is expected to be only 64 percent of the 1991-98 average. Subsequently, supplies at the household level remain low, particularly in the worst affected districts, further accentuating food insecurity. (FEWS)

Europe Heavy rains exacerbated flood conditions which developed in October in northeastern Italy and southern England. In the English city of York, flooding in October produced the highest flood water levels in at least 400 years. The water level of the Thames was expected to reach its highest levels in 25 years, and in England as a whole, the flooding was considered the worst in 50 years. In France, heavy rains triggered mudslides along the Mediterranean coast, killing several people. Heavy rains were also observed across northern Spain. A series of intense storms (extratropical lows) has impacted the region during October and November. (DRO)

Health

Burundi A malaria epidemic in the northern highland districts of Burundi has affected an estimated 276,000 people with 115 officially reported deaths. October rains are thought to have triggered the outbreak. With the upcoming rainy season, which starts in January, experts fear a significant increase in cases, as malaria cases generally double during this season. (ReliefWeb)

South Africa There have been 6,548 reported cases of cholera and 35 deaths in Kwazulu-Natal since the outbreak of this waterborne disease began in mid-August. Water sources are continuing to be monitored, especially during recent floods in the area. (WHO, WHO)

Water Resources

Tanzania The Ministry of Energy and Minerals announced the introduction of power rationing during late November. The decision to ration the power supply was made to ensure that water capacity at Mtera reservoir - which provides over 70% of hydroelectric production - would not be completely depleted before the start of the next rainy season (expected in January of 2001). (PMA)

Kenya Power rationing in Kenya continued during the month despite widespread rains as prior drought conditions have left water levels below operational levels at some hydroelectric dams. (PMA)

Armenia Low water levels in the Chernrechensky reservoir, the main source of drinkable water in Sevastopol, has left the city facing possible water shortages. Water resources are less than 50% of capacity indicating water reserves of no more than two months. Authorities regretted the discharge of water from the reservoir during the spring rainy season. Officials were considering water use restrictions in an effort to conserve resources. (CNN)

Afghanistan Widespread rains brought some relief to ongoing severe drought, especially in the western and southwestern parts of the country. Prolonged drought and ongoing crop failure has forced tens of thousands of people in the war-torn country to move to urban areas or into neighboring Pakistan. More rain and snow is needed to raise water tables which have been greatly reduced by the drought. (EA, Reuters)

Pakistan Drought conditions over the past year have reduced overall water levels to 65% of the long-term average. The most affected areas are sectors within Sindh and most of Balochistan. The drought has resulted in considerable loss of livestock and natural resources. About 2.2 million people are affected. (OCHA)

Agriculture

Kenya Unusually low temperatures and accompanying frost destroyed hundreds of hectares of maze in primary growing areas in the central Laikipia district. According to local media reports, the frost destroyed nearly the entire crop in the district's 3 maize producing divisions of Ngarua, Moran and Rumuruti. (CIP)

Indonesia The heavy rains in northern and western Sumatra have resulted in damage to thousands of hectares of dry season rice, which was near harvest. More rains forecast as the North East Monsoon sets in. The FAO has issued a special report as food concerns mount following the serious floods. (FAO)

Argentina Heavy rains in Central Argentina during late October have flooded the rich crop region of northwestern Buenos Aires, southeastern Cordoba and northeastern La Pampa provinces. More than 3.5 million acres are under water, almost one third of the total cultivated land in the region. Winter wheat, which will soon be ready for harvesting, has been affected, as well as the planting of soybean and maize traditionally in December. Losses are estimated at about 60 million dollars, including damage to livestock. (La Nacion, Clarin)

Australia Heavy rains (100-200 mm) over a two week period caused 12 rivers in New South Wales to reach flood stage. The state government declared the flooded region - which covered one-third of the state - a natural disaster. The flooding, considered the worst in 20 years, resulted in crop damages estimated at $500 million USD. Especially hard hit awere the northern inland cropping areas of NSW. Heavy rain over much of Queensland produced localized flooding and road closures during the month. (CNN)

Fisheries

Peru Yearly cumulative catch of small pelagic fish in Peru through the month of November was approximately 8.8 million metric tons (compared with approximately 6 million metric tons for the same period in 1999). Given the ban on meat and bone meals in Europe due to fear of mad cow disease, soymeal prices have increased dramatically, and there was an expectation of increased demand of fishmeal (made from small pelagic fish) as a source of protein for animal feed. However, recent reports indicate that fishmeal will likely be included in the ban as well. (FEO)
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Material for this portion of the IRI Climate Information Digest has been extracted from the UN/OCHA Reliefweb (RW), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Doctors Without Borders (DWB), Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED) , USDA/NOAA Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF) and the Fishmeal Exporters Organization (FEO). Additional information was obtained from the NOAA/OGP Climate Information Program, Red Cross/CNN/IBM Disaster Relief, Earth Alert, CNN, and the Power Marketing Association PMA

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