Colombia and ENSO
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DJF: increase in air temperature over the whole country (min and mean).

DJF: decrease in precipitation ecpecially in western colombia,
caribbean region and Andean region. In this last region most of the
population and wealth of the country is concntrated.

Mechanisms:

1) Weakening  of the low-level  easterly jet (choco  jet) that
     penetrates from the Pacific inland at 5N..

2) Reduction of the 700mb easterly jet

3) Reduction of moisture advection from the Caribbean.

4) Displacemenmtn of the ITCZ south westward of its normal position due to
      the change in the Hadley circulation.

Rainfall in Colombia is negatively correlated strongest with Niño4.
                             --> use Niño 4 to monitor.

Vunerability:

* Health: malaria and dengue fever outbreaks. The ENSO phenomenon intensifies annual cycle of Malaria cases
    in endemic regions, as a concecuence of changes in the normal annual cycle of Temperature and Precipitation:
    increase in mean temperature, decrease in precipitation, increase in dew point and decrease in river  discharges.

*streamflows:

* Energy: 70% of Colombias energy source is hydroelectric