ENSO has a strong impact on various sectors of the Chilean economy. The main areas affected are: Fisheries and Water management.

Water resources:

The country relies on hydroelectric power for almost 80% of its electricity production., therefore a La Niña year swith its associated reduction precipitation implies problems in this sector as less water is available not only in the dams but also water for agriculture produces can become scares.
On the other hand, an El Niño year, brings more than average rainfall, usually securing enough water is available for both electricity generation and agriculture in the dry summer months.

Fisheries:

Warmer seas surface temperatures in the Pacific close the Chilean coast has a strong impact on fish, some species disappear and others appear migrating from the too warm waters off the Peruvian coast.  For example the catch of sardine increases and the Anchoveta almost disappears.