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ENSO Update

16 July 2008

Summary

La Niña conditions have nearly completely disappeared in the equatorial Pacific. Very weak below-average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) still exist only near the dateline, and above-average SSTs are present in the eastern equatorial Pacific. There is a 75 percent probability of ENSO-neutral conditions over the coming season.

General Discussion

The La Niña conditions that prevailed between August 2007 and late May 2008, after peaking in February 2008, have weakened and become near average conditions since early June.  SSTs in the central equatorial Pacific are now only weakly below average, and only in a fairly small packet near the dateline. The low level zonal wind anomalies along the equatorial Pacific, and the Southern Oscillation index, have been near average during the last several weeks. The equatorial heat content is above average in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, and this has helped maintain somewhat above average SSTs in the eastern one-third of the equatorial Pacific.

Out of a large set of dynamical and statistical forecast models, most models indicate  ENSO-neutral SSTs during the coming Jul-Aug-Sep season. Overall, based on model forecasts and current observations of the ocean surface and subsurface, the probability of La Niña conditions is estimated at 10%, of El Niño conditions 15%, and the probability of maintaining ENSO-neutral conditions is 75% for the Jul-Aug-Sep season in progress.

Note 1 - Only models that produce a new ENSO forecast every month are included in the above statement.

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